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Spanish Lesson 08

Thursday, September 30, 2004

Learn Spanish

Vocabulary

Practice: < Recognition | Recall | None | Shuffle >
el desayunobreakfast
el almuerzolunch
la cenadinner
el menú, la cartamenu
la especialidadspecialty
la listalist
la lista de esperawaiting list
el mozo, comarero (-a), mesero (-a)waiter
el pedidoorder
la propinatip
el bistecsteak
el filetetenderloin steak
los camaronesshrimp
el corderolamb
la langostalobster
el lechónpork, pig
el pavoturkey
el arrozrice
los frijolesbeans
la sopasoup
el cerealcereal
la mantequillabutter
la mermeladajam
el panbread
el yoguryogurt
el quesocheese
las zanahoriascarrots
la pimientapepper
la salsalt
el postredesert
el heladoice cream
la torta heladaice cream cake
la botellabottle
vino tintored wine
el vasoglass
la copawine glass
la tazacup
el platoplate
el cuchilloknife
la cucharaspoon
el tenedorfork
el manteltablecloth
la servilletaserviette
el botonesbellhop
la cuentacheque, bill
excelenteexcellent
favorito (-a)favorite
asado (-a)roasted
helado (-a)iced, ice cold
medio (-a)half
relleno (-a)stuffed
sabroso (-a), rico (-a)tasty, delicious
privado (-a)private
de postredesert
acabar de (+ infinitive)to have just ...
cenarto eat dinner
pasarto happen
conocerto meet
contar (o:ue)to tell
probar (o:ou)to try, to taste
cocinarto cook
intentarto attempt
planearto plan

Uses of Ser and Estar: Part II

Practice: < Recognition | Recall | None | Shuffle >

The uses of ser and estar are often a source of confusion, so let's review when each is used.

Uses of Ser:
to indicate profession. (Juan es un estudiante.)
to give the time or date. (Es la una y media.)
to denote ownership. (Este es el coche de Juan.)
to describe the material something is made of. (Los asientos son de cuero.)
to describe the origin of something. (Su coche es alemán.)
to give the location or time where something takes place. (La fiesta es hoy.)
when a noun follows the verb, use ser (El mejor coche es un descapotable.)
when an adjective follows the verb, and it describes the essence of the object. (El descapotable de Juan es rojo.)

Uses of Estar:
when the adjective follows the verb, and it describes the current condition of the object. (El descapotable está limpio.)
to give current location (El descapotable está en el taller mecánico.)

Here are some more examples of ser and estar in action.

Soy médico.I'm a doctor.
Mi casa es verde.My house is green.
Son los dos.It's 2 o'clock.
Hoy es lunes.Today is Monday.
Mis platos son de Korea.My plates are from (were made in) Korea.
Tu camisa es azul.Your shirt is blue.
Carlos es muy alto.Carlos is very tall.
El examen es largo.The exam is long.
Ellos son divertidos.They are funny.
Él es nerviosa.He is nervous. (a nervous person)
Pedro está en Madrid.Pedro is in Madrid.
Estoy cansado.I am tired.
El banco está cerrada.The bank is closed.
Él está nerviosa.He is nervous. (nervous right now)
Juanita es una estudiante.Juanita is a student.
Es la una.It's one o'clock.
Hoy es jueves.Today is Thursday.
Mi coche es japonés.My car is Japanese.
Ellos son los niños de Juan, y están enfermos.They are Juan's sons, and they are sick.
Ellos son los niños de Juan, y son inteligente.They are Juan's sons, and they are intelligent.
Las vegetales son buenos.Vegetables are good.
Las vegetales están frescas hoy.The vegetables are fresh today.

Affirmative and Negative Words

Practice: < Recognition | Recall | None | Shuffle >
algosomething
nadanothing
alguiensomeone, somebody, anybody
nadieno one, nobody
alguno (-a), algúnany, some
ninguno (-a), ningúnnone
siemprealways
alguna vezever
nunca, jamásnever
tambiénalso
tampoconeither
todavía, aúnstill
todavía nonot yet
yaalready
ya nonot yet
oor
ninor
o... oeither... or
ni... nineither... nor

Possession

Practice: < Recognition | Recall | None | Shuffle >

Possession can be indicated in several ways in Spanish. The simplest way to denote possession is using de, in the same way one might use of to denote possession in English.
Los niños de Juan. (The children of Juan.)
El rey de España. (The king of Spain.)

Possession can also be denoted using el/la/los/las de, much as in English, possession may be denoted with that of or those of.
La niña es la de Juan. (The girl is that of Juan.)
Los llaves son las de Pedro. (The keys are thos of Pedro.)

Lastly, possession may be denoted with the possessive pronouns. The possessive pronouns in English are mine, yours, his, etc. Their equivalents in Spanish are el mio, el tuyo, el suyo, etc. All of the Spanish possessive pronouns are listed below. It is important to note that the possessive pronouns have several forms depending on gender and number. The choice of form is based on the gender and number of the object possessed, not the possessor. The form suyo can be ambiguous if the possessor is not obvious from the context of the rest of the sentance. If the possessor cannot be easily determined, the possessive pronoun should be omited, and possession should be denoted using de in one of the above forms.
El libro es el mio. (The book is mine.)
Juanita, los libros son los suyos. (Juanita, the books are yours.)
Pedro y Carlos, la llave es la suya. (Pedro and Carlos, the key is yours.)

el de ...that (masc.) of ...
la de ...that (fem.) of ...
los de ...those (masc. pl.) of ...
las de ...those (fem. pl.) of ...
el mío/la míamine (singular possession)
los míos/las míasmine (multiple possessions)
el tuyo/la tuyayours (fam.) (singular possession)
los tuyos/las tuyasyours (fam.) (multiple possessions)
el suyo/la suyayours (form.)/his/hers (singular possession)
los suyos/las suyasyours (form.)/his/hers (multiple possessions)
el nuestro/la nuestraours (singular possession)
los nuestros/las nuestrasours (multiple possessions)
el vuestro/la vuestrayours (fam. pl.) (singular possession)
los vuestros/las vuestrasyours (fam. pl.) (multiple possessions)
el suyo/la suyayours (form. pl.)/theirs (singular possession)
los suyos/las suyasyours (form. pl.)/theirs (multiple possessions)

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