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Spanish Lesson 03

Friday, July 30, 2004

Learn Spanish

Vocabulary

Practice: < Recognition | Recall | None | Shuffle >
aceptarto accept
ayudarto help
bailarto dance
celebrarto celebrate
cocinarto cook
conversarto chat, to converse
comprarto buy
desearto desire
enseñarto teach
invitarto invite
hablarto speak
llamarto call
necesitarto need
trabajarto work
visitarto visit
el automóvilautomobile
el bailedance
el cafécoffee
la cafeteríacafeteria
la callestreet
el centrodowntown
la chicayoung girl
el chicoyoung boy
el cinecinema
la fiestaparty
el hotelhotel
la luzlight
la mesatable
el muchachoyoung man
el muchachayoung woman
el paíscountry
el (la) profesor (-a)professor
el teatrotheatre
el (la) turistatourist
las vacacionesvacations
la idiomalanguage
el alemánGerman (language)
el chinoChinese (language)
el españolSpanish (language)
el francésFrench (language)
el inglésEnglish (language)
el italianoItalian (language)
el rusoRussian (language)
antiguo (-a)old (things)
viejo (-a)old (people)
bienwell
inteligenteintelligent
interestanteinteresting
magníficomagnificent
norteamericano (-a)north-american
nuevo (-a)new
poco (-a)a few
anochetonight
antes (de)before
aquíhere
conwith
haythere are
másmore
menosless
¿verdad?really?

The Present Indicative of Regular Verbs Ending in -ar

Practice: < Recognition | Recall | None | Shuffle >

Regular verbs in Spanish come in three classes. Those ending in -ar, those ending in -er, and those ending in -ir. Knowing the conjugation of the present indicative of -ar verbs will bring a lot of new possibilities into your Spanish.

To conjugate a regular -ar verb, first remove the -ar ending. What is left is refered to as the verb stem. For example, the verb stem of estudiar is estudi. Now combine the verb stem with the proper ending according to the following:
estudiar = to study
yo estudio = I study
tú estudias = you (fam.) study
Ud./el/ella estudia = you (form.) study, he/she studies
nosotros estudiamos = we study
vosotros estudiais = you (fam. pl.) study
Uds./ellos/ellas estudian = you (form. pl.) study, he/she studies
Here are some other useful verbs ending in ar.

llamarto call
hablarto speak
necesitarto need
enseñarto teach
trabajarto work
progresarto progress
llamoI call
llamasyou (fam.) call
llamahe/she/you (form.) call
llamamoswe call
llamaisyou (form. pl.) call
llamanthey/you (form. pl.) call
Hablo español.I speak Spanish.
Hablas italiano.you speak Italian.
Ud. no habla ruso.He (form.) does not speak Russian.
Él habla alemanhe speaks German.
Hablamos francés.We speak French.
Julia y Alina hablan chino.Julia and Alina speak Chinese.
Necesito dineroI need money.
necesitasyou need
necesitahe/she/you (form.) need
Necesitamos una pluma.We need a pen.
necesitáisYou (fam. pl.) need
Ellos necesitan un reloj.They need a clock.
enseñoI teach
enseñahe/she/you (form.) teach
enseñamoswe teach
enseñanthey/you (form. pl.) teach
trabajasyou work
trabajahe/she/you (form.) work
trabajamoswe work
trabajanthey/you (form. pl.) work
progresoI progress
progresasyou (fam.) progress
progresamoswe progress
progresanthey/you (form. pl.) progress

Adjectives

Practice: < Recognition | Recall | None | Shuffle >

We've already seen a few adjectives, and we already know they differ in masculine and feminine forms. Now we'll look into adjectives a little deeper.

In most cases adjectives follow the noun they modify. You would say car red instead of red car. In fact, when you are learning it helps to think in English mutated to conform closer with Spanish grammer constructs. When you want to say red car in Spanish, think car red and then translate.

As we already know, many, (but not all), adjectives differ in masculine and feminine forms. The form used should agree with the noun it modifies. However, it should also agree in number. For example:
libro rojo,
pluma roja,
libros rojos,
plumas rojas.
To pluralize an adjective, use the same rules we already used for pluralizing nouns.

When a single adjectives modifies a group of nouns, the plural form is used, and the feminine form is used only if each noun in the group is feminine.
el libro y la pluma rojos
la casa y la puerta son amarillas

alto (-a)tall
bajo (-a)short
bonito (-a)pretty
guapo (-a)handsome
feo (-a)ugly
simpáticonice
antipáticonot nice
rubio (-a)blonde
moreno (-a)brunette
intelegenteintelegente

Contractions

Practice: < Recognition | Recall | None | Shuffle >

There are only two contractions in Spanish, and they are easy to remember. The first is a followed by el becomes al. The second is de followed by el becomes del. Unlike the contractions in English, these contractions are never optional.

el telefone del studentthe telephone of the (masc.) student
Trabajo al centro.I am working downtown.

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